LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES - Coursework Example During the process new leaders are made for the future through proper training and experience. Any organization that is in its finest today whether it be, Apple co, Microsoft, Zara was the result of one or more individuals in their early thirties who possessed leadership qualities. While it is true that for a company to be created and be successful it needs to have something to sell, at the same time they need a great leader. A fine example is the late Steve Jobs who did not create any of the Apple computers but steered them into the right direction with his social intelligence and his eye for design. Change management however, is needed in any and every company that wants success in the long run. It simply might be needed because the customers are bored of the monotonous product that they’re being offered or a more complex reason might be because intrapreneurship is needed in the organization because the previous management system wasn’t effective enough. Sometimes the change might be needed because the competitors have caught up and you no longer hold a competitive advantage. Having discussed leadership and change management, it is true that an organization cannot survive without either one of them. Any organization that comes into being is very informal in the beginning, starting off with very few employees, mostly friends who share the same ideas and visions, working in a small office consisting of a mere two or three rooms. Some of these organizations even start off from the garage of a home. The environment of these organizations is very informal which works in the beginning as they only need enough revenue above breakeven to invest further into the workings of the company. When this organization has matured and has enough employees to push out of a city or district it needs to change from an informal management to a more formal one. This is achieved by hiring leaders or identifying leaders among

Sustainability Development in Hotel Industry Essay Example for Free

Sustainability Development in Hotel Industry Essay Hotel industry in recent past has come up with various sustainable development measures. These measures are from conserving water, waste management , energy saving to creating green room. The industry has integrated its business with Sustainable development approach in various functions such as Operations, supply Chain and procurement. These sustainable approaches has benefited industry in terms of cost and brand. This research paper find out how globally Hotel industry is adopting sustainable development approaches in the daily business. The goal of Sustainable Development is clearly to secure economic development, social equity and environmental protection. As much as they could work in harmony these goals sometimes work against each other in our modern world. The rapid development of good living, travel and in general of the consumer society has often resulted in less protection to the environment and to some groups of the world population. Ferocious search for profitability has not co-existed harmoniously with making the world a better place. However there is a general consensus that t cannot go on for ever and those who are favored by life now feel responsible for those who have not had the same chance. Economic growth will always remain the basis of human development but it should integrate as well its impact on the people and on the planet. SD focuses on having a holistic approach to development taking into consideration economic, social and environmental needs while avoiding over utilizing key natural resources. Hospitality or Hotel industry all over the world is leading in creating sustainable model for other industry. Area of S ustainable Developments in Hotel industry Water As the hotel industry is a large consumer of water it is obvious that it should demonstrate its concern about this major problem. Currently, in a lot of hotels, guests are recommended to keep their towels –sometimes their sheets- for more than a day in order for hotels to conserve water and reduce the use of detergent. It is a worthwhile undertaking but one that sounds hypocritical as it appears to be as a cost saving exercise. Energy The installation of fluorescent lights throughout a hotel reduces energy consumption by thousands of dollars as does the replacement of windows. Green roofs help conserve energy. New energies – wind, solar should be encouraged. Not only these programs help save energy but they cut maintenance costs. Their pay-back period is generally very good. Governments usually encourage the efforts by giving grants or tax cuts. Hotel companies should do whatever can be done to help develop clean energies. Waste There is an enormous amount of waste in the hotel industry and particularly in the food industry. A significant global project is to engage the units to reduce waste as much as possible and to recycle it Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG) Hotels, using major quantities of energy, produce major quantities of GHG. The measurement of the reduction of GHG emission is more visible when consolidated at company level. A company can make a pledge to offset carbon emissions by supporting an organization such as Climate Care. Paperless environment When one considers the quantity of paper that is used in a hotel one cannot but think of the destruction of trees and its impact on global warming. Moreover the printing of paper is often totally useless and people often discard papers after a meeting or will not even look at them at a later point. When one adds the production of ink and toners to supply photocopy machines it is easy to realize the negative impact of such habits on the environment. In a computerized world it is evident that old habits should be discouraged. Not only would it help the environment but it would also cut costs dramatically in the long term. Only the necessary printing of paper and strict use of recycled paper should be encouraged. Green Hotel Program – A new Concept In an industry where investment in the end product (rooms) is enormous it is significant to spend money wisely with a focus on the environment. It actually ives a great opportunity for the company to display its commitment to SD. Every aspect of room construction and decoration can be addressed: flooring, wall-covering, air conditioning, electrical installation, water usage, furniture, textile and equipment. Clearly the process should not only consider the room but the whole property; however in the hotel industry it is the room product that captures the attention of the public Procurement The value chain of the hotel industry includes a major component which is procurement. This is true not only during construction but while running a hotel and a restaurant. This activity will reveal how a sound hotel SD policy can have a ripple effect on other industries, engaging the procurement company and all suppliers in the same direction. Vendors involved in a hotel construction and renovation program should be made aware of the objective of the company. Moreover the procurement company should include Sustainable Development in its own strategy. It can start with presenting as many green products as possible and encouraging vendors to reduce packaging and offer recyclable products. It should as well emphasize buying sustainable food only. Once the procurement company is involved in this mission it will encourage hoteliers to go yet further in their SD efforts. The purchasing power of a procurement company is enormous and it will help reduce the unit price of sustainable products as they can be more expensive than non-sustainable products and it discourages hoteliers and restaurateurs from buying SD products. A major endeavor for a procurement company is to include Fair Trade in its strategy enabling local suppliers to develop their business and helping poor countries to expand their economy. It should not however stop companies from considering Fair Trade as a great opportunity to improve their corporate social responsibility. Industry Standards for ‘Green Hotel’ According to US green building council a ‘Green’ or ‘Sustainable’ Hotel will : †¢Use 26% Less Energy †¢Emit 33% Carbon Dioxide †¢Use 30% Less Indoor Water †¢Send 50%-75% less Solid Waste to Landfills and Incinerators †¢Green Buildings can also encourage the use of alternative transportation (walking, mass transit, low-emission, fuel-efficient or alternative fuel vehicles) World Wide Leading Hotels in Sustainable Development Fairmont Hotels Resorts Fairmont is certainly the hotel company that has introduced Environment and Community Service earlier than others in its global strategy. Due to its history and its hotels locations, often in the countryside, the company has officially recognized the importance of Environment in 1990 and pioneered the Fairmont Green Partnership, in order to minimize the impact of its hotels on the planet. It encourages all properties to individually search for environment initiatives, be it minimization of pesticide on their golf course, encouragement to use hybrid cars, etc. Its main topics are waste reduction, resource conservation, purchasing policy, habitat and species protection and community connection. They encourage as well Social Responsibility through the Fairmont Hotels Resorts charitable donations program that delivers grants which support Education and Youth development programs, Health programs, Social services and Civic and community projects. Through these programs Fairmont has received many accolades and awards, most recently the WTTC Tourism for Tomorrow 2006 award. Accor As of today Accor is the hotel company that is the most advanced in its SD approach. It started as an Environment strategy in 1994 building a network of 53 environment correspondents throughout the world. Sustainable Development was officially embedded in the strategy of the company in 2002 with the appointment of a Director of Sustainable Development, member of the Management Board, the creation of a group-wide SD committee and the development of an exhaustive SD strategy. That strategy encompasses all aspects of the concept. A scorecard has been developed that checks Accor’s involvement throughout the world with all takeholders: Shareholders, Customers, Employees, suppliers, Environment and local communities. The company was one of the first ones to sign the Global Compact initiative launched by UN Secretary General, Kofi Annan, in January 1999 which is a commitment to follow strict guidelines in terms of Human rights, Labor, Environment and anti-corruption initiatives. Accor is not only focused on developing a group SD strategy but insists in reaching each and every one of its 170 000 employees through direct campaigns. It sends a strong message to all employees by published a short document highlighting conservation tips, a comic book about environment conservation, and an environment guide for hotel managers to train their employees about all aspects of environmental protection. A SD purchasing charter was developed and distributed to suppliers to entice them to follow SD guidelines and involve them in a virtuous circle. Environment and eco-efficiency start during the development phase of all projects. The Company uses internationally or nationally recognized certifications. 0 hotels are now ISO 14001 certified and more certifications are in the pipeline. In Canada its hotels are Audubon certified for eco-efficiency. Measurements are in place to show the energy, waste and water consumption reduction. Biodiversity and architectural integration are another focus in the development of projects. For international and shareholder recognition Accor is listed in the major socially responsible investment indexes: DJSI World Stoxx, FTSE4Good, ASPI and ESI indexes. InterContinental Hotels Group IHG has evidently undergone a major shift toward a complete Sustainable Development strategy recently. The basis is there to make it the industry reference in the coming years. The group will not only be the largest hotel company in the world but as well, naturally, can become the most admired one. All components of SD have been addressed. Many actions geared toward social responsibility and environmental protections have been endorsed throughout the years by various divisions or hotels and coordination is now taking place. Measurements will help demonstrate that the company walks the talk and a separate and comprehensive company SD report will position the company not as one of but as the hotel company that leads the industry. It would be convenient to â€Å"brand† this strategy so that all could refer to it easily. A Senior Vice President Global Corporate Social Responsibility position was created in September 2006. Hilton Hilton Corporation has not yet embraced a holistic approach to Sustainable Development. They communicate mostly on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Environment concerns. Their CSR is focused on four areas: Education programs Selected Healthcare programs Youth programs Civic affaires and Public policy. Their Environment policies are based on a tagline: Reduce Reuse – Recycle. The company was the first in the industry to be awarded the EnergyStar award (US) for its involvement in reducing electrical energy consumption –fluorescent bulbs in all areas-, water conservation – towel program-, recycling. It encourages its employees to be involved in various community services. Hilton International (now bought by Hilton Corp) has started a program called We Care which is addressing mostly environmental issues and community service. They have included it in their balance scorecard system. Hilton Hotels has developed an interesting program to help improve relationship between people: Be Hospitable Kimpton Hotels It has divided its operations into two distinctive divisions: Hotels and Restaurants. It is very much involved in Sustainable Development and Environmental protection. Kimpton EarthCare: Their mission statement is the following: â€Å"To lead the hospitality industry in supporting a sustainable world, by continuing to deliver a premium guest experience through non-intrusive, high quality, eco-friendly products and services†. One of these initiatives is the creation of an eco-friendly room at the Triton hotel in San Francisco designed to become a best practice for the company. It offers amenity dispensers – to reduce packaging waste-, energy efficient lighting and motion sensors, non-toxic environmentally safe products, eco-friendly paints, energy efficient mini-bars and air conditioning system, etc. Kimpton’s SD strategy is clear, with a twist of being specific to â€Å"boutique/hip hotels†. However there are still at the initial stage when it comes to measurements. Some of them are the following: â€Å"Over $500,000 in new revenue attributed to EarthCare Over 12,000 gallons (over 360 bathtubs) of toxic cleaners removed from our water supply Conserved over 103,000 gallons of water at Hotel Allegro, Chicago Hotel Monaco Salt Lake City awarded the e2 environmental award Galleria Park Hotel in San Francisco saved $4,000 from just changing Exit lighting to LEDs†. Six Senses SPAs Their purpose: â€Å"To create innovative and enriching experiences in a sustainable environment†. They have an exhaustive list of values all geared towards the happiness of their staff and customers: â€Å"epitomizing all senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, touch †¦ and beyond†. Their environmental program is developed in the Holistic Environmental Management Program. Being generally located on tiny islands, their goals are: to reduce resource consumption and waste generation. to manage energy use and water conservation. o hire members of local communities and engage them in social responsibility. Protection of flora and fauna. They created a fund to support all types of environmental and social activities in which they allocate 0. 05% of their total annual revenue. One interesting idea is the Six Senses guest carbon- neutral program through which clients are enticed to donate money to help compensate the emission of carbon dioxide (CO? ) that the plane that brought them to the island produced. That fund is then distributed to NGOs that care about the reforestation of the planet. Preserving the environment with the ECHO program (Environmentally Conscious Hospitality Operations) through eco-friendly guidelines to all hotels and associates through the â€Å"reduce-reuse-recycle† process†. ITC India ITC is leading hotel in India for sustainability development. It has come up with Innovative designs, Water efficient buildings, Material resources and energy conservation steps in its various hotels . At 170,000 sq feet, ITC Green Centre is the world’s largest 0% water discharge, noncommercial Green building, and compared to similar buildings, ITC Green Centre has a 30% smaller carbon footprint. ITC is developing its hotel based on this building model and architecture. References Jauhari, Vinnie (Editor). International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Volume 19, Issue 5 : The Hospitality Industry in India. Bradford, , GBR: Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2007. p 364. Saxena, Atul. New Trends in Tourism and Hotel Industry. Delhi, IND: Global Media, 2008. p 191. Brody, Derrick. Latest Trends in Hotel Industry. Delhi, , IND: Global Media, 2009. p 4. Mannan, B. A..

Functions of Network Management

Functions of Network Management In this report, I will be explaining the functions of network management. There are many stages to creating a network, these are: Planning planning is crucial, as you will need to map out what kind of network you want to create and what its purpose will be Research researching what network devices and cabling will be required, also researching topologies to create a suitable network Design design is essential as you will need to know what your network will look like before its made Preparation begin creating your network, install the cabling and devices and connect them Development Set up the devices in the network and make sure they are on and ready to communicate Testing test the network and check that everything is up and running smoothly Maintenance if any issues arise, troubleshoot the errors and make sure that the network is stable Evaluation analyse and understand the network, if any problems occur, document them so it will be easier to troubleshoot in the future. Task 1: Functions of network management P4 Network configuration is necessary to allow computers in a network to communicate with each other. Configuration exists to control networks and allow troubleshooting or performance enhancements. There are many devices used in a network. The most important medium are routers and switches. When configured correctly, it will allow them to communicate which then allows users to communicate with each other. Fault management is compulsory in any network as it will detect problems and minimise failure. In case of failure, it will be prepared to troubleshoot the issues as quick as possible. By monitoring the networks, you can see if an error occurs it will ensure that the network is up for as long as possible. Fault management could be approached from a remotely controlled centralised console, which will allow you to easily reboot or troubleshoot one or more computer. Account management involves taking care of the users account and ensuring they can access all software easily. The admin will make user accounts for people in an office or school in order for the users to access their files at work. Account management groups together the users with the same rights on their accounts, which makes it simpler for the administrator as they can make a change to the entire user group rather than each account. Account management is required in large networks like schools and organisations as it will allow the administrator to manage multiple accounts easily as it would be hard to install software or enable access to every single account separately. The purpose of performance variables is to work out how key parts of the network are and have been performing. By checking this, it is possible to measure whether the performance is decreasing or increasing, this is crucial because if performance is decreasing, you will be able to see it. Examples of performance variables are user response times and network throughput. Network throughput is how fast data is transferred through a network. User response times are how fast the network is for users. Line utilisation is the amount of data on the cabling, if too much data is loaded onto the cable it will alter performance. Security is essential in any network in order to ensure safety; by implementing security in a network, you will prevent viruses and other threats such as hacking. It is possible to get viruses in many different forms such as files and documents on the internet, spyware, even physical issues can be a threat such as fires. Because there are different types of threats to a network, there are different ways to deal with them all. Firewalls and antivirus software should be installed to prevent viruses from entering a network. If a virus is in a network, it can sabotage the performance of the network and put the companys data in jeopardy. It is also very important to back up the files to another server in case of an attack so if any data is lost it can be restored effectively. Data logging is recording all of the information that passes through a network, this will make it easier to identify problems in the network, as you will be able to look through the data and analyse where an error has occurred. Logs are not usually kept permanently as they may not be necessary. It is useful to have data logs in parts of the network where errors occur to help you identify them as soon as possible. Checking performance and traffic is essential to ensure that your network is performing as well as it can and clearing up traffic will improve performance. Reporting is a management feature which documents performance and the data usage throughout the network to the admins. The reports are often taken using systems such as Windows Server which reports response time and performance of packets. Task 2: Fault Management M2 Fault Management Fault management in networks is to locate and troubleshoot problems in the network. Fault management is important to keep the network running efficiently. Why is fault management necessary in networks? Fault management is essential, as it will allow the network to perform at its maximum capacity without being disrupted. If any errors occur, data in the network could be jeopardised so by troubleshooting errors as soon as possible it will allow the network to run with minimal errors. This should be carried out remotely as it will be time consuming to physically go to each device throughout the network. The main goals of fault management in any network is to: Monitor the network remotely Enable alerts to warn the network engineer about any failures Create logs to see past failures and prevent future problems One of the goals of fault management is to monitor the network remotely through a centralised device. This will allow the network engineer to control the network quickly and efficiently as they will not need to access each physical device which can be very time consuming. By monitoring performance, the network engineer can troubleshoot failure quickly. Another goal of fault management is to enable alerts to warn the network engineer when there is a fault in the network immediately. By ensuring that the network engineer is notified about faults, the fault can either be prevented or solved as quick as possible. This will make sure that the effect on the performance is minimal. Finally, creating logs of faults are essential as it will allow the network engineer to look back at it in the future and solve the problem quicker. This will also show how well the network is performing as you can see every fault that has previously occurred. If there is a recurring fault in the network, the engineer will be able to prevent it and ensure that it doesnt happen again. If the network is affected by a failure, this can alter performance and could cause the network to crash. This will be atrocious for the company as it can prevent staff from communicating and doing their jobs. Task 3: Routine performance management D1 Routine performance management is scheduled routine maintenance. This means that the network will be checked on a regular basis to ensure that it is up to speed. This is crucial for any business as you will want to make sure that the network is running smoothly and the companys information or data is not in jeopardy. If a companys network isnt checked frequently, it could severely impact the company as they could be in danger of losing data or if a part of the network is down, they wont be able to communicate which will end up losing the company money. There are many different types of risks ranging from physical issues to hardware issues, for example a fire which can endanger both lives and the hardware in the network and if a switch or router is overloaded which can cause it to fail or perform slowly which will also majorly affect the company. There are a few tasks that the network manager must do to check and keep the network up and running efficiently. Backups are extremely important in a network in case of data loss or failure. If any data is lost and the data hasnt been backed up in a long time this will be a huge setback for the company as they will have lost important information. It is important to backup data at least daily or weekly to ensure that you have the latest data available to restore in case of any errors or failures in the network. Backups can be made to multiple places. The most common one is to a remote server which will hold the companys data. This is efficient as the data is all stored in one place so it is easier to access and minimises downtime. Companies also often use redundant array of independent disks (RAID) hard drive systems. This is known as a live backup feature that backs up data as it is written. It has many hard disks that are interconnected that contain all the data. This is extremely useful and can also minimise downtime as it will allow the network engineer to restore the data very quickly. User accounts are used in every organisation as employees will need their own personal accounts to access the network and do their jobs. Every user has a unique personal username which makes it easier to identify each user. All users have the same privileges and must change their passwords often due to security reasons. The network admin will have control over the user accounts and can help employees if they forget their password. Users are usually put into groups of departments or services, for examples, Sales or Accounting. This makes it much easier for the network engineer to control each section of the network and can make changes to a group of people with ease. It is also more organised as people that do the same job will be in the same group. This gives everybody the same privileges and allows them to do their jobs efficiently. Logon scripts are activated once someone logs onto a device in a network. It is very useful as it automatically carries out tasks. Scripts are developed in the command prompt with scripting languages. This is useful as it can utilise commands such as ipconfig and look through commands as soon as the device is up and running. If the network engineer had to manually carry this out every single time it would take very long. Virus scans are crucial in any network to ensure network safety and efficiency. The network admin will run virus scans regularly on all devices on the network. If any viruses are found they will be logged in the virus software to clearly outline how many viruses have occurred since the last check. This is important as the network admin will be able to see viruses occur often which could show a weakness in the network. Virus checkers in a network will differ from the ones in a home network. On a network when a virus is encountered, the network admin will be notified and will investigate the virus. Checking for viruses is very important as a virus can jeopardise data within the network which is why the administrator must be notified immediately and eliminate the threat. Whereas at home, people use an antivirus software and carry out scans to check their devices. Frequent file clean ups are necessary to clear up space and organise data correctly. Any temporary files or old files should be deleted as it will not be necessary on the drives. This will free up space for files in the future which will be useful. The network admin should frequently check if the users have enough space on their drives to ensure efficiency. Task 4: Network Security Policy Security is essential in every network, especially for Phoenix. There is a range of security policies that will need to be implemented in the network for it to run efficiently and securely. These procedures will keep sensitive information safe and protect client data. Below I have outlined and covered the security policies that are necessary in any network for it to run smoothly. A firewall is a program that prevents viruses from entering the network. Firewall management is crucial in a network to stop attacks coming into the network. There are many types of attacks that can occur in a network, one type of attack is known as an access attack. This is when a stranger tries to gain information from the network and take control of the network. Another type of attack is a DoS (Denial of Service) attack, this type of attack will affect the systems in the network. This can block employees from accessing their systems which is a setback for the company. ACLs are used to permit or deny access to users throughout the network. The network admin may want a specific group of users to access resources, by adding ACLs the admin can reject access from other groups within the network. This is necessary for Phoenix because it will prevent outsiders from accessing data within the network. The devices in a network must be protected as they contain sensitive data. Hardening is making a device secure and reliable. There are many ways of hardening a device, one way this can be done is by enabling antivirus protection on each device to prevent it from viruses and malware. Another way a device can be more secure is having ACLs put on them, this will stop people from entering them without permission. Securing your devices is crucial in every network to ensure efficiency and reliability. If the device goes down or is hacked it could risk data theft which will setback the company, in this case, Phoenix. This involves reviewing the security policy frequently to ensure that the company is up and running securely. All the security policies are important to the network as they keep it up and running safely. A record should be kept of any threats so the network admin can look out for issues that have occurred in the past, and ensure that they dont happen again. By reviewing all the policies, it will allow the network to run at its optimal performance. Users should have the right permissions on their accounts. The network admin should check the users accounts once a week at least in case some users have rights that they arent supposed to have. This is important for Phoenix as it keeps the company organised and ensures safety by permitting the correct rights to users.

Direct Digital Democracy :: Technology Government Papers

Direct Digital Democracy The central question of this paper is whether or not the rise of the Internet – and, in general, new communications technology – alters â€Å"the limits of the human capacity for self-government.† My answer to this question is no. Advancements in communications technology, no matter how significant or revolutionary they may at first seem, ultimately have no fundamental effect on man’s literal capacity to govern himself. The Internet, like the television, the telephone, and the transatlantic telegraph before that, all have one basic thing in common: each is a tool and not a force of nature. Each must be comprehended, manipulated and applied by an individual, using his own rational faculty and according to his own devices. The technology itself – although complex – is fundamentally no different than the spear, the wheel, the stirrup, the combustible engine, or the space shuttle. Technology does not change man’s fundamental nature, but it does affect how well he lives, what he does, where he goes, and how quickly he can get there. Will the Internet alter the American political system? Indeed it will, and to a large extent already has, by facilitating the work of current government officials and representatives within our present system of representative democracy. But will the Internet revolution drive the American system of government toward direct digital democracy – a â€Å"third transformation† as significant as the transformation from Athenian direct democracy to American representative democracy? Most empirical evidence suggests it will not. Normatively speaking, political scientists ought to retain James Madison’s view that the purpose of gove rnment is to prevent tyranny of the majority and to constrain evil. Therefore, contemporary politicians should openly oppose measures that seek to alter our existing institutions in an effort to make them more conducive to direct democracy, whether digital or not. This Madisonian view of government is neither the sole standard of government in contemporary American society, nor is it the frontrunner among competing political ideologies. I would argue that the mythology of liberalism or populism is accepted as just and revered by most average Americans. In the 2002 Presidential Election, George W. Bush defeated Al Gore in the Electoral College vote, thus winning the presidency, but lost the overall popular American vote by a significant margin.

Classification of Students

Classifications of Students Students are defined as curious humans who would crave to learn mostly about everything that occurs in this world and that will happen. Like normal humans, students also have different attitudes and characteristics which are commonly alike which causes them to be divided into five different groupings, the ‘queen/king bees', the ‘bullies', the ‘universals', the ‘nerds' and the ‘losers'. In order to further know about these groups, they should be defined. To start with†¦The ‘queen/king bees' which consists of talented, smart, beautiful/handsome, rich and popular, but at the same time hardhearted and prejudice prejudice students. Most of them are mean because they feel their intense power to control students who are lower than them. They are mostly praised and are what I call the ‘heartthrobs' they make boys/girls crazy in love with them which causes them to have stalkers. Some of them are dumb and the factors th at may have raised them up are their money or their beauty. They can also be called bullies but they're bullies in a less destructive and social ways.They are mostly seen in special rooms, libraries and common classes but they are always infront. Next, the ‘universals'. They are the friend of all, from queen/king bees to the losers,except the bullies because bullies are real bad to everyone. The persons that are inclusive to the universals are talented, optimistic, smiling, jolly, lively and smart and they are mostly respected as well but they are pure in heart that they never want to be prejudice and they never want to underestimate anyone who are lower than them.They are the kind of students which are well taught in character building and they are the ones who can be true friends despite of the differences. They are mostly seen everywhere Then here comes, the ‘nerds' which are crazy smart and almost know everything out of anything! They are fond with books and computer s. They are mostly silent and weird looking. Almost all of them are bullied, sometimes they become ‘the bully's nerd' which means they are used by bullies in return, they wouldn't be bullied.Their jobs to the bullies are more on paper works because all pure bullies are dumb and the only thing they know is to hurt. They are mostly seen in the library and computer libraries. Speaking of the ‘bullies', they are the ones who are less understood. Most of them hurt others because that maybe what they learned from their houses or experience. They see other people or students as their outlets of their hatred that they can't express to the ones they hated. They are totally dumb and never wants to study.They hurt all students except the queen/king bees and the universals because they fear to hurt the ones who can stand up against them. They are mostly seen in the detention class or summer class. And last but not the least, the ‘losers'. They are dumb, untalented and mostly g et themselves in trouble. They are mostly hopeless about their future. They are ones who are very bullied. Usually, their friends are their co losers or the nerds but their group befriending a nerd is a very unusual tandem. They are mostly seen in detention class with the bullies or in the normal class right at the middle or back.

The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly essays

The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly essays In society many people are portrayed as pure and innocent, however in reality not everyone is pure, as they seem. In the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare; it presents the primary character Macbeth represents an innocent human being, but reality proves that he is a cruel evil man. The semblance of Inverness Castle looks harmless and innocent on the outside but when you peer inside the illusion, you come to realize the unholy acts of the murder. Macbeths wife, Lady Macbeth appears to show her innocent self, but also wants to achieve her ambitions and constructs the plans of murder. As a result, Macbeth is lured to murder the king, Duncan, by the desire for power, an appetite whetted by the witchs prophecies and his wifes encouragement and consequenly causes him to live with guilt and discomfort for the rest of his life. The innocence of Macbeth is shown clearly to the people of Scotland. The first illusion in Macbeths cruel massacre occurs to Duncan, the king of Cawdor, the greed of ambition overpowered him by using a false face (I, vii, 94) and using a false heart to hide from his sin. In order to appear innocent Macbeths uses his false face to fool and deceive the people of Cawdor, getting them to believe that he had no connection with the murder. His false heart leads his cruel aspiration of striping Duncan of his kingship. Some of his followers see the illusion fading and discover the wrong doings of Macbeth. The problem that Macbeth now faces is the prophecy that banquos son will be come the new king. Macbeth knows he cannot commit another murder, and with thy bloody and invisible hand (III, ii, 54) he does commit the murder upon Duncan. Furthermore, by killing Duncan and using his invisible hand, the prophecy of Banquos son does not follow thru. After the second murder, the people of Cawdo r get a little more curious about Macbeth and his intensio...

Book Cover Design Advice and Inspiration

Book Cover Design Advice and Inspiration The level of digital media rapidly increases every day, but take a trip to your local bookstore and youll probably notice that print design is still alive and well. Although I love working in both digital and print media, theres something special about being able to hold a beautifully designed printed object in your hands, and some of the best and most unique designs in the field today are found on the covers of books.Designing a great book cover can be a challenge- in order for your design to be effective, it has to creatively represent the material inside while being distinct enough to grab the attention of a viewer and make a significant impact. Because of the complexities of the various different kinds of books, designing book covers can be a valuable exercise to practice your design thinking skills. Here are a few tips to get you on your way to designing stunning covers.Start with a conceptThe best way to get started on a book design is to develop a solid concept that reflects t he overall key message or tone of the book. Thoroughly understanding the content and the goal of the content are critical steps in making a successful cover. In order to do this, its a good idea for you to actually read the content if its available to you or if time allows. Even if you have a fast-approaching deadline or the content is complicated, there are still ways you can gain a true understanding of the content without reading it word-for-word. Read summaries or synopses, character sheets, reviews–basically, any material you can get your hands on in order to really comprehend the book.Next, its time to translate themes and messages of the content into visuals. There are a few different techniques to do this, but my favorite is to develop a mood board- itll help you organize any visual inspiration you get from the content. Go through your content and make a list of adjectives that describe the tone or overall feeling. Some example adjectives might be dark, mysterious, pl ayful, hopeful, serious, noir, classic, scholarly, and funny. Find any recurring objects, settings, motifs, or important scenes and add them to your board. You might find that these words and images start to evoke certain color palettes or typefaces that you can start to explore. The goal of your mood board is to create a visual picture of the content and its meaning which you can draw inspiration from. Generally, covers that are more symbolic tend to be more visually interesting than literal cover designs, so think about how you can represent themes with a subtle visual metaphor that might intrigue a reader. Understanding the tone of your book will help you to create visuals for your cover that are appropriate for the content and that hint at the overall theme. Think of the cover as a sneak peek for the reader- the first chance to draw them into whatever is inside.Stick to your genreKeeping the genre of your book in mind is important- the cover of a mystery novel looks very differe nt from a textbook or childrens book, and it might contain different information with a different hierarchy. Depending on the genre, youll have a different audience to cater to and should design with this audience in mind. For example, a young adult novel cover should appeal to teenagers, so you might use a more youthful design or employ trendier colors and typefaces. For a nonfiction book about politics, the cover you design might feel more formal and academic. Keeping the design applicable to the genre helps readers to quickly understand what kind of book it is and what kind of content theyll find inside.Take a look at other book covers in your genre to see what kinds of techniques they use. This can provide a bit of inspiration, but it can also help you to avoid repeating concepts that have already been done or using common visual clichà ©s which show up frequently within the genre. For example, mystery novels often use doors, long shadows, dead trees, etc.- this doesnt mean tha t you cant use these elements, but your cover will stand out more if you find a way to fit within the genre while still being unique. Try putting a new spin on a clichà © or use unexpected visuals or type treatments.Keep it simpleOne of the biggest mistakes I see with novice book cover designs is trying to do too many things at once. Keep typefaces, colors, and information to a minimum- remember, you only have a few seconds to grab the attention of a reader. This doesnt mean that you have to create a minimal design, but making sure the elements of your cover arent overwhelming together is critical to a professional-looking design.Make sure your layout has a clear hierarchy- this will help a reader navigate through the presented information and understand it easier and faster. Keep all copy as legible and easy-to-read as possible- this is especially important if youre given a lot of copy to put on the cover. Contrasting your type and imagery can help create a pleasant visual balance . For example, if you choose a busy, complicated image as a background, contrast that with a simple typeface so that the two dont compete. Relate the placement of your type with the image so that the design feels intentional and cohesive. The two should work together harmoniously so that the cover feels great and cohesive as a whole.Dont forget productionProduction is another important aspect of book cover design to keep in mind. Make sure you know the specifications of your book cover- this includes things like spine width, bleed, margins and safe areas, and where the barcode will go. Having this information before you start designing will help save time and hassle in the long run.There are a variety of binding and finishing options that can elevate your design and get a passerby to pick it up. Depending on the project budget (and how much control you have in the production process), elements like spot gloss, foil stamping, coatings, and embossing can be options to consider. Howeve r, as a general rule, I would avoid using too many of these options at once- simplicity is key to keep your cover from looking too gimmicky or overwhelming. The production of your book cover should feel as intentional and thought-out as the design itself so that nothing feels like an afterthought or out of place.When deciding on finishing options, I like to stop by bookstores and take notes on what other books are doing- what kind of paper they use, whether the covers are matte or gloss, what elements are embossed, etc. This can help inspire you on where finishing would be best-suited on your design. Be sure to discuss production with your client and/or printer to see what options are feasible for the timeline and budget of the project youre working on.Break the rulesOnce you have the basics of design and layout down, dont hesitate to try something completely unconventional or risky. Some of the most successful book covers take this unorthodox approach in ways that make sense for th eir content. Try altering the orientation of the text, losing the margins, or making the text really big or really small. Use jarring or impactful imagery, die cut holes in the cover, or spread the title over the whole front and back. Breaking the rules doesnt work in every situation, but it can allow you a little more artistic freedom to explore and push the memorability of your cover. Doing something bold with the cover is a great way to prompt a reader to pick up a book.Practice!In my opinion, book cover design is one of the best (and most fun!) ways to practice your overall design skills, especially if youre new to the field. Covers require critical thinking, concepting, sketching, typography, layout, and production- skills that can be applied to many other projects. And unlike other mock projects, its fairly easy to develop a fake brief for a book cover assignment. Try redesigning an existing book, or use a site like Plot Generator to develop fake titles and blurbs. Doing a han dful of fake covers as a personal project can help you to improve your skills and provides great portfolio work when youre just starting out. And, because the projects are your own, youll have more freedom to try new things than you might with a real-life client.Below are three fake book covers I designed for three different genres. Each one uses a different stylistic approach and organizes the information differently.This cover for a made-up thriller uses bold, brushed typography and a subtle textural background of a city. The pop of yellow color conveys a sense of urgency and helps the title stand out over the mysterious background.Just because a book is educational or instructional, doesnt mean it cant be beautifully designed. I designed this cooking guide to be simple, using only blue and white, to create an approachable feel for new chefs. The clean, sparse typography contrasts nicely with the more detailed vintage illustrations which make the book feel classic and timeless.For a romance novel, I went with a minimal approach that uses warm colors and lots of white space. I pulled the simple circles off the edge of the cover to reference a sun setting, and the overlapping circles create a sense of connection and movement.Book cover design can be a difficult and complex process, but keeping these few guidelines in mind will help you to create more successful and meaningful covers.